The Constitution of India It lays down the framework, defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any country B. R. Ambedkar, The Chairman of the Drafting Committee, is widely considered to be its chief architect.
It imposes constitutional supremacy and not parliamentary supremacy, as it is not created by the Parliament but, a constituent assembly, and adopted by its people, with a declaration in its preamble. Parliament can not exceed
It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came in effect on 26 January 1950. With its adoption, The Union of India became the modern and contemporary Republic of India replacing the Government of India Act, 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document To that constitutional autochthony, the framers of the constitution repealed the prior Acts of the British Parliament via Article 395 of the Constitution. India celebrates its coming in force on 26 January every year, as Republic Day.
BN Rau was appointed as Constitutional Adviser to the Constituent Assembly in formulating the Indian Constitution in 1946. He was responsible for the general structure of its democratic framework of the Constitution and its initial draft in February 1948. This draft was debated, revised and finally adopted By Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949.
On 14 August 1947 Such Committees include a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Union Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee On 29 August 1947, The Drafting Committee was appointed, with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as chairman with six other members assisted by a constitutional advisor. These members were Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (KM Munshi, Ex-Home Minister, Bombay), Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer (Ex-Advocate General, Madras State), N Gopalaswami Ayengar (Ex-Prime Minister, J & K and later member of Nehru Cabinet), BL Mitter (Ex-Advocate General, India), Md. Saadullah (Ex-Chief Minister of Assam, Muslim League member) and D P Khaitan (Scion of Khaitan Business family and a prominent lawyer). The Constitutional Adviser was Sir Benegal Narsing Rau (who became the first Indian Judge in International Court of Justice, 1950-54). Later B L Mitter resigned and was replaced by Madhav Rao (Legal Advisor of Maharaja of Vadodara). On D. P. Khaitan's death, T T. Krishnamachari was incorporated in the drafting committee A draft constitution was prepared by the Committee and 4 November 1947 on the Assembly to submit, which debated on and over 2000 amendments over two years made. Finally on 26 November 1949, the process was completed and the Constituent Assembly adopted adopted Constitution. 284 members signed this document.
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